You've gotten some good advice! I remember asking a similar question when my youngest was at 2 years old. I think the post is called "For the love of a 2 year old". I don't know how to link posts or I would. I was given lots of good advice.
I replaced naptimes with crib times so that the kiddo could still rest , but play independently for 30-45 min. Blanket training is awesome, but I would limit training times to non-school times at first so that you can focus on it. 16-17 months is young to expect a child to sit still on a blanket. my 2-3 year olds were much better at it.
I would limit the places where she can be during school-times to very safe areas that you don't have to be constantly training her while trying to teach the others. cribs, pack n plays, high chairs, safe room with a gate, etc. Rotate her every 20-30 min to a new spot when you are schooling. 20- when she is just starting the new routine and extend to 30 eventually. set a timer that she will recognize so that she can learn to play where she is until the timer dings. Then she can be assured that she will be getting a change of scenery with every ding.
Some of her 30 min rotations can be time with older siblings that have the capacity to keep a close eye on her. I made a list of activities and a box of toys that could only be school-time toys. I still use and update the school toy box for my youngest (almost 4) so that he has something special to do while the others school. You've gotten some good ideas for activities already! One activity or toy per rotation will help them develop the habit of attention. You could probably use pinterest to find simple ideas for her age group. There are also decks of cards that have super simple activities specifically for one year olds that might give you more ideas for her rotations. I would include a "mommy rotation" where you plan on spending time with her reading or playing so that she feels like she is getting the same treatment as the older kids.
I've also found that if my attitude toward my littlest is not predominately "frustrated", and if I can learn to treat interruptions gently, that my attitude helps my older kids not get frustrated and to enjoy their youngest sibling even when he is being difficult. The opposite is also true. If I feel constantly frustrated with his immaturity, they get snappy with him too. *sigh* We all need the Lord's help minute by minute!